The cold rolling machine is a mechanical device that processes materials through plastic deformation of the metal. Its core principle can be summarized into the following key steps:
1. Rolling deformation principle
Pressure application: Two rotating rollers in opposite directions apply pressure to the metal, causing it to undergo plastic deformation and change the cross-sectional shape or size. Cold rolling is usually carried out at room temperature to avoid recrystallization of the material, thereby achieving higher precision and surface quality.
Multi-roller system: Modern cold rolling machines adopt multi-roller designs (such as six-roller or twenty-roller), using the combined action of working rollers, intermediate rollers, and support rollers to control the plate shape accuracy. For example, the six-roller rolling machine uses the lateral movement of the intermediate rollers to eliminate the edge thinning effect.
2. Auxiliary process system
Lubrication and cooling: The use of emulsions or lubricating oils reduces friction between the rollers and the material, reducing energy consumption and prolonging the lifespan of the rollers. The cooling system controls the rolling temperature to prevent the material from overheating and softening.
Thickness control: The hydraulic servo system uses closed-loop regulation of the roll gap to achieve millimeter-level thickness accuracy. For example, the 1450 cold rolling machine uses dual electro-hydraulic servo valves to dynamically adjust the rolling force.
3. Technical advantages
Energy saving and efficiency: Compared to hot rolling, it can save 15%-20% of material consumption.
High precision: The six-roller rolling machine can achieve a ±1 μm thickness tolerance and a plate shape convexity control within 0.5%.
Intelligentization: Modern cold rolling machines integrate automated control systems to achieve unmanned operation throughout the process.
